Reference 1 – Cross-cultural reference

Reference in APA-7 format (4 pts)

ERCAG, E. (2021). An Analysis of the Attitudes of Secondary School Students on Cyber Bullying Behaviors. Romanian Journal for Multidimensional Education / Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 13(4), 239–266.

Annotation (12 points)

In your own words (no copying or use of quotations), provide the following: 

· Summary of key findings (1-2 paragraphs)

· 3-5 key takeaways (maybe a bulleted list)

· Reflection of the usefulness of the source for your project (1-2 sentences)

Students have become more reliant on these devices due to the growing use of ICT in the classroom. Thus, cyberbullying is a new kind of bullying that has evolved from conventional peer bullying in school playgrounds. During the 2018-2019 school years, 1206 students from various secondary education levels were randomly chosen for the study. Data collection began with handing students questionnaires that contained Cyberbullying Scale and a Confidential Information Form. According to the findings, low-level cyberbullying was prevalent among secondary and vocational school students. Research on how to avoid cyberbullying and promote healthy internet use may benefit from the results of this study, which is expected to be published soon. Key takeaways from this article;

· Students at high schools and technical colleges might attend seminars to learn more about cyberbullying and avoid it.

· Identifying those kids most likely to engage in cyberbullying behavior might be the subject of research studies. In addition, these kids may get group and one-on-one counseling to assist them in overcoming their difficulties.

· Students, particularly males, might benefit from education campaigns focused on raising their knowledge of the types and stages of cyberbullying they are experiencing.

The author’s discussion on the frequency of cyberbullying among kids in Northern Cyprus’ secondary schools and research questions would benefit my study. However, with a well-researched investigation, the author conveyed his conclusions by interviewing those believed to have committed these crimes.

How do you know that this is a credible/scholarly source? (3 pts)

 The academic papers were found in the UMGC Library’s database. It is a peer-reviewed journal that published the work. In addition to being academics, The article cited other peer-review work, which makes the article credible.

Reference 2 – Policy reference

Reference in APA-7 format (4 pts)

Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School Bullying Among Adolescents in the United States: Physical, Verbal, Relational, and Cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 368–375.

Annotation (12 points)

In your own words (no copying or use of quotations), provide the following: 

· Summary of key findings (1-2 paragraphs)

· 3-5 key takeaways (maybe a bulleted list)

· Reflection of the usefulness of the source for your project (1-2 sentences)

School bullying is a bad thing for kids to do. It can hurt their schoolwork, social skills, and psychological well-being for the victims and the oppressors. Parents who support their children may save them from all sorts of bullying. Friends react to bullying in different ways in person or online. Cyberbullying is different from traditional bullying, according to the study results. Key takeaways from this article;

· Bullying at school is prevalent, with 20.8 percent of students having physical, 53.6 percent verbally, 51.4 percent socially, or 13.6 percent electronically tormented in the past two months.

· Findings showed that teens who had supportive parents were less likely to be involved in the four types of bullying (bullies, victims, bully-victims, and those who were not involved at all). In addition, having more friends was linked to both increased bullying and decreased victimization in the factors of verbal, physical, and relative forms of bullying, but not in cyberbullying.

· Bullying has a wide range of socio-demographic characteristics between the four kinds.

The authors’ discussion on the students in the United States surveyed four types of school bullying behaviors and their link to socio-demographic traits, parental support, and friends. It also discusses how to protect adolescents against all four types of bullying with the help of their parents. According to the findings, cyberbullying differs from more typical forms of bullying.

How do you know that this is a credible/scholarly source? (3 pts)

The article was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’s Intramural Research Program and the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau. The article cited other peer-review work, which makes the article credible.

Reference 3

Reference in APA-7 format (4 pts)

Hicks, J., Clair, B. L., Waltz, M., Corvette, M., & Berry, S. (2019). Instigators of Cyber-Bullying: A New Strategy for New Players. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 14(2), 217–228.

Annotation (12 points)

In your own words (no copying or use of quotations), provide the following: 

· Summary of key findings (1-2 paragraphs)

· 3-5 key takeaways (maybe a bulleted list)

· Reflection of the usefulness of the source for your project (1-2 sentences)

Increases in cyber-bullying have occurred worldwide owing to fast technological advancements. Most social media platforms, such as Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, and even tik-tok are used by those involved in cyberbullying. It includes those who are the victims of it and those who witness it or bystander it. From emotions of regret and guilt to feelings of melancholy and even suicidal thoughts are some of the side effects of these mental health issues. Unfortunately, bullying prevention and response programs typically overlook the role of instigators.

Key takeaways from this article;

· Cyberbullying has become an increasing problem among teenagers in the United States. However, in the United States, the proportion of those impacted has only climbed over the last decade.

· Some instigators of cyberbullying, such as Twitter and other sites like Snapchat, Instagram, Tik-Tok go unnoticed.

· Compassion activity, solution-focused complementing, art/journals, and no-bullying contracts may all be components of the school’s anti-bullying strategy. Consequently, fewer pupils are experiencing mental health and academic challenges due to bullying.

· The authors developed an anti-bullying. Empathy training, solution-focused compliments, art/journaling, and no-bullying contracts are all part of a new method described by the authors. Teachers will be able to administer the intervention with the help of these detailed instructions.

How do you know that this is a credible/scholarly source? (3 pts)

The academic papers was found in the UMGC Library’s database. It is a peer-reviewed journal that published the work. In addition, The article cited other peer-review work, which makes the article credible.

Reference 4

Reference in APA-7 format (4 pts)

Ding, Y., Li, D., Li, X., Xiao, J., Zhang, H., & Wang, Y. (2020). Profiles of adolescent traditional and cyber bullying and victimization: The role of demographic, individual, family, school, and peer factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 111.

Annotation (12 points)

In your own words (no copying or use of quotations), provide the following: 

· Summary of key findings (1-2 paragraphs)

· 3-5 key takeaways (maybe a bulleted list)

· Reflection of the usefulness of the source for your project (1-2 sentences)

In today’s digital era, cyberbullying and victimization are commonplace in many people’s lives. Bullying and victimization of teenagers, both conventional and virtual, have sparked worldwide concern. A growing body of research indicates that bullying and victimization tendencies among teenagers range from person to person. While earlier studies have focused on variable-centered methodologies, they have not highlighted the diversity of bullying and victimization among groups. It was possible to discover discrete subgroups and the variables that link their occurrence to various demographic, individual, family, school, and peer characteristics by analyzing the data cross-sectional.

Key takeaways from this article;

· According to the study outcomes, numerous factors may indicate different subgroups. For example, male gender, younger age, higher level of depression sign, low level of peer support, and high level of deviant affiliation describe high levels of conventional bully-victims.

· Male, younger age, increased depressive signs, inter-parental dispute, and high eccentric peer association may indicate high cyber bully-victims. Inter-parental war, parental warmth and acceptance, school atmosphere, and peer attachment may also discriminate between high conventional bully-victims and high cyber bully-victims.

· The findings in the article suggest specific preventative and intervention strategies for reducing bullying and victimization among adolescents.The authors’ results significantly affect bullying and victimization prevention and intervention. Because every adolescent’s experience with bullying and victimization is unique, designing individualized preventative and intervention strategies is essential.

How do you know that this is a credible/scholarly source? (3 pts)

The academic papers were found in the UMGC Library’s database. It is a peer-reviewed journal that published the work of the authors. In addition to being academics, The article cited other peer-review work, which makes the article credible.

Reference 5

Reference in APA-7 format (4 pts)

Ahmet Yildrim, Mustafa Celikten, Tymofii Desitov, & Yevgeny Lodatko.

(2019). The Analysis of Teachers’Cyber Bullying, Cyber Victimization, and CyberBullyingSensitivity Based On Various Variables. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 1029-1038.

Annotation (12 points)

In your own words (no copying or use of quotations), provide the following: 

· Summary of key findings (1-2 paragraphs)

· 3-5 key takeaways (maybe a bulleted list)

· Reflection of the usefulness of the source for your project (1-2 sentences)

The study seeks to define the impact of cyberbullying, cyberbullying, cyber exploitation, cyber sensitiveness, and how virtual loneliness affects students and their relationships. It will look within the scope of quantitative research, using the descriptive and relational model. A total of 208 college students made up the study’s sample. Four distinct scales were utilized to gather data, and relationships between the scales’ descriptive statistics and the examination of scores. For example, students’ scores on the e-bullying and virtual sharing dimensions of the media loneliness scale dropped when the sensitivity score on the scale linked to cyberbullying rose, as is the case in this study.

Key takeaways from this article;

· An increasingly severe issue for nations that heavily rely on the internet and online technology, including those like the United States and Canada, the idea of cyberbullying has evolved in the recent decade.

· A finding indicates that gender, age, nationality, and internet access did not affect cyberbullying incidents, victimization, sensitivity, or loneliness among college students. In addition, a report shows that students who spend less than an hour on the internet feel less lonely than those who spend more time online.

· Students’ e-bullying behavior also tends to decline as their level of cyber-sensitivity rises. Another consequence in line with this finding decreased online bullying as more students become victims.

The Important conclusions from this research establish the degrees of cyberbullying, cyber victimization, cyber sensitivity, and virtual loneliness in students and their relationships as stipulated by the authors.

How do you know that this is a credible/scholarly source? (3 pts)

The academic papers were found in the UMGC Library’s database. It is a peer-reviewed journal that published the work. In addition to being academics, The article cited other peer-review work, which makes the article credible.