Instructions:

    Option 1: Answer two separate questions, each answer counting once. Use the following format to indicate each of your answers separately: Option 1 / [the number of the question] and Option 1 / [the number of the question].

OR

    Option 2: Combine two questions, the resulting single answer counting twice. Use the following format to indicate your answer: Option 2 / [the number of the two questions being combined].

    Format your answer either as a simple Word document or a PDF.

    Any source-material you employ the textbook by Hunt, online-line sources, etc.   must be cited in footnotes formatted per University of Chicago / Turabian style.

Textbook Citation: Hunt, Lynn, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Bonnie G. Smith. Making of the West, Volume II: Since 1500: Peoples and Cultures. Vol. 2. Macmillan, 2012.

Cite quoted material from the textbook (Chapter 22, 23, 24 & 25 PDF files attached) and any web sources using footnotes according to the Turabian / University of Chicago style.

QUESTIONS

1. Discuss the expansion and then the contraction of Nazi German and Fascist Italian power in Europe during the Second World War. Cite specific events.

2. Discuss the destructive phase of the French Revolution and the nature and actions of the revolutionary dictatorship of the Terror. Be specific.

3. Describe the establishment of, and the exercise of authority by, the 3 major police-state dictatorships of the European world between 1918 and ca. 1953. Show specific examples.

4. Discuss principal common identifiers of European nationalism in the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries. Describe the process of the national unification of Italy and Germany between ca. 1860 and 1871. Note specific details.

5. How is the Holocaust the logical end-result of Nazism? This is not an opinion-piece. Cite specific events.

6. How does the Soviet Union create a communist empire in the eastern half of the European Continent after 1945? Discuss its general international organization(s) and its demise after 1985. Be specific.

7. Write an essay on a subject dealing with Europe between 1945 and 1990 but not covered by any questions listed above or below. Be specific in your choice and in your discussion.

8. Describe the characteristics making the First World War a total war. How do these characteristics contribute to the birth, ideas, and goals of the post-1918 European dictatorships? Be specific.

9. How and where does European nationalist competition spur the growth of imperialist expansion between ca. 1875 and 1920? Be specific.

10. What characteristics do the Right-wing totalitarian dictatorships (and their would-be imitators) of Europe have in common in the period from ca. 1919 to the end of the Second World War? Show specific details and examples of not only of the dictatorships but also their imitators.

11. Which European empires are swept away by the First World War? Are there differences among them in that process? Who benefits and how? Cite specific details.

12. In what way(s) does the United States emerge as a European power by the middle of the 20th Century? Be specific.

13. How does Napoleon take advantage of the French Revolutions failures to seize power for himself and attempt to re-make Europe? Be specific.