Carbon Utilization (Scientific paper writing)

scientific report532

Switching the mode of metabolism in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeKarin Otterstedt1+,ChristerLarsson1,RoslynM.Bill2,AndersSta ̊hlberg1,EckhardBoles3, Stefan Hohmann4& Lena Gustafsson11Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Molecular Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Go ̈teborg, Sweden,2The School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK,3Institut fu ̈r Mikrobiologie, JohanWolfgang Goethe Universita ̈t Frankfurt, Marie-curie Strasse 9, 60439 Frankfurt am main, Germany, and4Department of Cell andMolecular Biology, Go ̈teborg University, Box 462, 40530 Go ̈teburg, Sweden

ResearchGate

e discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242324867Effect of the Light on Carotenoid Profiles of Xanthophyllomycesdendrorhous Strains (formerly Phaffia rhodozyma)Article in Food Technology and Biotechnology · April 2001CITATIONS27READS4301 author:Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:High-Pressure Processing View projectManuel VázquezUniversity of Santiago de Compostela190 PUBLICATIONS 4,670 CITATIONS SEE PROFILEAll content following this page was uploaded by Manuel Vázquez on 13 January 2014.The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Bioresource Technology 82 2002) 79±85* Corresponding author. Fax: +55-41-266-2042.E-mail address: [email protected] J.D. Fontana).0960-8524/02/$ – see front matter Ó 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.PII: S 0 9 6 0 – 8 5 2 4 0 1 ) 0 0 1 2 1 – 3

e discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242324867Effect of the Light on Carotenoid Profiles of Xanthophyllomycesdendrorhous Strains (formerly Phaffia rhodozyma)Article in Food Technology and Biotechnology · April 2001CITATIONS27READS4301 author:Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:High-Pressure Processing View projectManuel VázquezUniversity of Santiago de Compostela190 PUBLICATIONS 4,670 CITATIONS SEE PROFILEAll content following this page was uploaded by Manuel Vázquez on 13 January 2014.The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Materials and Methods

· ●In paragraph format write everything a person would need to replicate your experiment. 

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· ○What materials 

· ○Describe the procedures 

· ○Describe how you did any statistical analysis 

· ○NO bullets or lists 

· ○Include a flow diagram or figure of the experiment layout or process 

· ●In paragraph format write everything a person would need to replicate your experiment. 

·

· ○What materials 

· ○Describe the procedures 

· ○Describe how you did any statistical analysis 

· ○NO bullets or lists 

· ○Include a flow diagram or figure of the experiment layout or process

Discussion

· ●Discussion is where you interpret and discuss your results 

· ●Compare your result to other scientists work 

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· ○Do your results agree with what they found? If not, why not? 

· ○You can probably use a lot of the same references from the introduction or find new ones. 

· ●Relate your results to your central question 

· ●Relate your result to your hypothesis 

· ●Relate your results to the real world and why we should care 

· ○You can use references to help with this

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Conclusions

· ●Sum up your entire work in different words than you previously used. 

· ●Was your hypothesis supported or rejected? 

· ●Talk about how the experiment worked or didn’t work 

· ●What could be done better? 

· ●What needs to be done in the future 

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· ○What questions did this bring up for you 

· ○What is the next experiment that you could do and why, what would we gain from it. 

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Experiment ProcedureFall Spring 2022Background:Traditionally many microbes have been identified using what we call differential tests. A differentialtest is any test that may allow you to differentiate to different types of microbes. Some of the more commondifferential tests include: Gram stain, Mannitol Salts Agar, and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. In thisexperiment we will be testing our two yeast species using a new type of broth I am calling Yeast CarbonUtilization Broth. The purpose of this broth is to test if the microbe will be able to use the carbohydrateincluded in the broth. The only carbon source available in the broth is the carbohydrate added. This meansthat we should be able to detect if each yeast can use the three different carbohydrates, I have made brothswith. If this broth works as planned you should see the broth get cloudy and change color as the yeast usesthe carbohydrate. The color change is based on the response of a pH indicator to changes in pH. As theyeasts use the carbohydrate, they should produce acidic byproducts (carbonic acid is formed from CO2mixing with water). This should cause the pH to drop which will change the color of the pH indicator.We are seeking the answers to two related questions. First is just if the broth works. It is hypothesized thatthe broth will work. It is predicted we will see color changes and cloudiness indicating that the broth didwork. The second related question is if the pattern of sugar utilization will match the published results forthese species. It is hypothesized that the pattern will match what is published and we will see Saccharomycescerevisiae use only glucose and Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous to use all three sugars. It is predicted that the S.cerevisiae glucose tube will show both a color change towards the green and cloudiness. X. dendrorhous ispredicted to show a color change in glucose, xylose and cellobiose broths towards the green and cloudiness.Procedure:1) Disinfect your work area with alcohol or bleach2) Put on a pair of gloves and gather supplies. You will need at least two loops (more is better if youstill have them) and your Yeast carbon utilization broths (they may be packaged in two separateplaces). You should have a total of six: two with black lines on the lid (cellobiose), two with red onthe lid (glucose) and two with green on the lid(xylose). You will also need a slant of each of the yeast species.3) Label the broth with a date, your initials and what sugar it contains. Then label one set with S.cerevisiae (one glucose, one xylose and one cellobiose). Then label the other set with X. dendrorhous.It’s also fine to use S.c. and X.d. to save on space but write clearly!4) Make sure to practice aseptic technique as you do the following steps.5) Open a sterile loop and transfer a small amount of S. cerevisiae to the tube labeled S. cerevisiae glucose.After transferring, close the cap and mix by gently inverting the tube a few times.6) If you have loops left, dispose of the loop and use a NEW loop. If you are running low on loops usethe same loop as step 5 to transfer a small amount of S. cerevisiae to the tube labeled S. cerevisiae xylose.After transferring, close the cap and mix by gently inverting the tube a few times.

7) If you have loops left, dispose of the loop and use a NEW loop. If you are running low on loops usethe same loop as step 6 transfer a small amount of S. cerevisiae to the tube labeled S. cerevisiae cellobiose.After transferring, close the cap and mix by gently inverting the tube a few times. Dispose of loop.8) Open a sterile loop and transfer a small amount of X. dendrorhous to the tube labeled X.dendrorhous glucose. After transferring, close the cap and mix by gently inverting the tube a few times.9) If you have loops left, dispose of the loop and use a NEW loop. If you are running low on loops usethe same loop as step 8 transfer a small amount of X. dendrorhous to the tube labeled X. dendrorhousxylose. After transferring, close the cap and mix by gently inverting the tube a few times.10) If you have loops left, dispose of the loop and use a NEW loop. If you are running low on loops usethe same loop as step 9 transfer a small amount of X. dendrorhous to the tube labeled X. dendrorhouscellobiose. After transferring, close the cap and mix by gently inverting the tube a few times. Disposeof loop.11) Take a picture of all six of your tubes with the labels visible. Find a relatively warm place toset your tubes to incubate (slightly above room temp 75º F).12) Clean up your work area and disinfect it after you remove and dispose of your gloves.13) Mix the tubes every other day if possible. Record any color changes and visible growth asyou mix them. I am expecting the color to start to change after about two days and growth to bevisible starting around the third day but this may vary depending on how warm they are.14) After about one week take a picture of all six tubes with the labels visible. This will be themaximum time we will incubate them.

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