Reply to each students discussion post 1-2 paragraphs. Your responses to peers need to be substantive, with constructive suggestions, critique, or insights. You are expected to use in-text citations and list of references to support your posts.

Crystal Gonzalez (students name)

As the video showed, a lot of the time, these nurses are overworked, and a majority of the time, they are tired from the long hours of work. If the communication had started with Dena and told Kelly about the proper use of her gloves, everything could’ve been avoided or at least been preventable. Still, it also went wrong when the new nurse didn’t sanitize her hands and use her gloves properly, and she touched the counter where Kelly had put her gloves on. However, when they were monitoring Whitney, the communication was not clear and led to the patient's death. Patients play such a significant role in the need and the outcome of care. Patient activation and engagement are essential for improving the quality of care. The lack of experience supporting patient activation and attention has been seen as a downfall. (Hibbard, J. H. (2012)           Patient-centered care is when you acknowledge a patient’s preference, needs, and values. And it encourages a strong relationship between the patient and clinician. The result of the change is to improve patients' care processes and health outcomes, including survival. (Cherkin, D. (2012). It still needs a lot of work done to make it equal for all, but it has been changing throughout time to accommodate the populations they are serving. Health care administrators need to be aware of the impact of the consumer's needs because they are responsible for the entire outcome of the organization. (Singh, D. A. (2019) Pg. 341.) Ultimately, all administrators have different responsibilities but the same goals: to provide good quality work to the patients. 

Greene, J., & Hibbard, J. H. (2012). Why does patient activation matter? An examination of the relationships between patient activation and health-related outcomes. Journal of general internal medicine, 27(5), 520–526. 

Greene, S. M., Tuzzio, L., & Cherkin, D. (2012). A framework for making patient-centered care front and center. The Permanente journal, 16(3), 49–53.

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019). Delivering Health Care in America a Systems Approach. 7th 

Edition. Burlington, MA: David D. Cella and Michael Brown.

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Yuridia Avena posted Mar 22, 2022 9:39 PM

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Medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States, right behind heart disease and cancer (Sipher, 2018.) The errors can happen for several reasons; some examples include staff not adequately trained, understaffed, wrong medication given to a patient, lack of communication amongst healthcare professionals and patients, misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis, not washing hands, or disinfecting common areas. There are two types of significant medical errors; an action not taken, or the wrong action taken (Rodziewicz et al., 2022.) Many of these errors can be avoided by communicating with coworkers and patients. The Joint Commission has provided safety goals to help create a safe environment for patients and providers. The goals include identifying patients' safety dangers and risks, confirming patient identity with two identifiers, improving communication, preventing infections by cleaning hands, giving post-op antibiotics, central line precautions, double-checking before performing surgery to ensure surgery is correct, using alarms on medical equipment, use the medication correctly and safely, double-check medication labels, label all medication, take extra time with patients who've taken anticoagulants and chemotherapeutic agents, and wash hands before and after seeing patients (Rodziewicz et al., 2022.) Taking responsibility for errors can also lead to safer environments because preventative training can be provided.

           Patient activation can help improve the quality of care because individuals oversee their health and needs. With patient activation, individuals determine their need for care and the outcome because they are aware of their health. Studies have shown that patient activation is associated with healthy eating, physical activity, established healthcare, research doctors' qualifications, preparing questions before a doctor visit, and controlling chronic illnesses (Greene & Hibbard, 2012.) With patient-centered care, healthcare providers respect and value the patient's needs and wants, and the patient is part of the decision-making (Greene et al., 2012.) Communication is a significant factor in patient-centered care; building trust is equally important. Quality of care can be improved if individuals feel they have control of their medical outcomes. Patient-centered care is changing the future of health care by improving the care process, healthcare outcomes, and survival (Greene et al., 2012.)

           It is essential for health care administrators to be aware of the impact of consumer needs, expectations, and actions on health care delivery because they hold the top, middle, and entry-level jobs in different health delivery systems (Shi & Singh, 2019, p. 163.) The top administrators provide leadership and direction, work closely with the boards in charge, and are responsible for the long-term success of an organization (Shi & Singh, 2019, p. 163.) The middle-level administrators sometimes have leadership roles for outpatient, surgical, and nursing services or can be managers for a single department (Shi & Singh, 2019, p. 163.) They are usually in charge of change; they are vital to positive patient care outcomes because they can make changes that benefit patients based on needs and expectations.

           A recommendation for reducing medical errors is to acknowledge the mistakes made, assess why they happened, and provide training to prevent similar mistakes from reoccurring. Adequate staffing can also prevent medical errors because it will allow staff to spend the needed time with each patient. Patient education is also essential because it can prevent further illness or, in worst cases, death. 

Greene, J., & Hibbard, J. H. (2012). Why does patient activation matter? An examination of the relationships between patient activation and health-related outcomes. Journal of general internal medicine, 27(5), 520–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1931-2

Greene, S. M., Tuzzio, L., & Cherkin, D. (2012). A framework for making patient-centered care front and center. The Permanente journal, 16(3), 49–53.

Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). Medical Error Reduction and Prevention. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019). Chapter 1. In Delivering health care in America: A systems approach (p. 163). essay, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Sipherd, R. (2018, February 28). The third-leading cause of death in us most doctors don't want you to know about. CNBC. Retrieved March 21, 2022, from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/22/medical-errors-third-leading-cause-of-death-in-america.html#:~:text=A%20recent%20Johns%20Hopkins%20study,after%20heart%20disease%20and%20cancer.